Method and machine for generating saw teeth



METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAW TEETH Filed Sept. 23, 1940 9Sheets-Sheet l INYENTORS. Elmer WCkz-zsl' BY WLZLiamSDicESon.

Sept. 21, 1 43- E. w. CHRISTY ETAL METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAWTEETH Filed Sept. 25, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVE NTORS Sept. 21, 1943.E. w. CHRISTY ET AL 2,329,879

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAW TEETH 1.

Filed Sept. 23, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 55 A; illlllllllllhm' I I nu I mu!ElQ -Q .9 Q3 INVENTORS.

. N &O E lmer WCkrisZy.

BY Wu 6611mm, SDicEsom p 1943- E. w. CHRISTY ETAL 2,329,879

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAW TEETH Filed Sept. 25, 1940QSheetS-Sheet 4 m5 mz {43 4- INVENTQRS. Elmer WU krzsig. BYWLLiGm S..Dicltson.

p 1943 E. w. CHRISTY ETAL 2,329,879

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAW TEETH Filed Sept. V25, 1940 9Sheets-Sheet s mvswroxs. E Zmer W'Ckrisi'g.

BYWC'CLLCl/M-S- icfison.

Sept. 21, 1943. E. w. CHRISTY ETAL 2,329,879

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAW TEETH Filed Sept. 25, 1940 9Sheets-Sheet 6 IN VEN TORS I Eimez'wahz'isi 7 9 f BY wezzzaa sicla ,7%fis Sept. 21, 1943. E. w. ems ETAL METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATINGSAW TEETH 9 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed Sept. 23, 1940 INVENTORS. Okrz's 2 a mS.Di cilso W9 d T Tflys.

Ezmez' W BY WiLI/ p 1943- E. w. CHRISTY ETAL 2,329,879

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAW TEETH Filed Sept. 23, 1940 9Sheets-Sheet 8 /II 75 C9 INVENTORS. Elm er W C hristy- BYWi (Liam 8.1)iokson.

p 1943 Y E. w. CHRISTY ETAL 2,329,879

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR GENERATING SAW TEETH Filed Sept. 23, 1940 9Sheets-Sheet 9 4 INVENTORS. Emer Wfikrzsfiy. WIZK lzlqm .eksom. 1,, Y Z

- 7 7/ arr-31s.

Patented Sept. 21, 1943 METHOD ANDMA'CHINE :FOR ciwe'mme .SAW TEETHElmer W."Ch1:i s ty 'afiii William s.;nicks6ir; 3 7 Hamilton, Ohio rApplication September 23, 1940-, Serial No.'3 57,9(i 8 r Claims.

Another object of .thei-nvention is .to..-provide a method. ofmanufacturing and conditioning saws that is productive ofabsoluteunifo'rmity of the teeth and of the. spacing thereof.

Aiurther object is to provide a machine where.- by'the method may becarried out automatically for anyselected shape and size ofsaw tooth andforany :number of points per inch .of saw blade.

A still further object of the invention is to provide, an automaticspacing mechanismzthat is readily adjustable to selected spaces.v C

These and other objects are attained ,by..-.the methofdand meanshereindescribedand fully disclosed. in the accompanyin drawings,- in

whichcfi Fig. '1, is a top plan view .ofaxmachine-of-the inventionhaving the cover casing removedhand showing the operating mechanisminits .central and fullyretractedposition.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged. cross sectional viewtaken .ofpscillatorymovement.

Fig.5 is a view similar to ibut showing the parts. at the opposite limitof oscillatorymovement. 1 I

Fig. .6 is a View taken on line 6. -6 oi Figi. Fig. 7 is a crosssectional- View taken on 1 1 of Fig. 5. x p 7 Fig. 8 is atop plan viewofthe carriage structure of the invention with the uppermost parts removedto disc-lose the adjustable automatic car riagespacing mechanism. v pFig.9. is a cross-sectional View taken fonf'line 9-9 of Fig.8. I 7 Fig.10 is a cross-sectional View taken onlin Iii-lilofFigS. p

Fig. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional viewtaken on line H H of Fig- 8.v

Fig. 12 is a plan view showing the automatic spacing means at the end ofa spacing movement, parts being broken away andin lo'n'g dash linesshowing a development of the power can s related thereto, said Viewshowing in dotted line the position or parts in theinitial springactuated release movement of spacing means vvith the advancedposition ofthefpovv'er cafnshort dash lines; I I

line

H H ofiFig. 8.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary? showing in full lines thoseparts that arebroken away'inFi'g. :121 :1

Fig. 1151;1saviewsiniilar to Fig. ;;l2fibutvshowing the said .parts insaid initialcspiing.actuatedre lease position, and showing .dottedlineslthe same :parts retracted position; ready-for zen.- gagement underthe powenof :theoam. 1*

Fig. 15 is a fragmental; lview showmg'therelation :of :dotted line Yand. broken 11 away ip arts of Fig. 16 is a sectionalgview showingamodification of the spacing {mechanism emplpyin'g a-wedge pawl andgrooved .wheelziniieu of the toothed pawl and wheel of Figs; lath-i5.

Fig. 17 is a cross sectional View taken on line Fig. 18 is a topplanview oi the. cutter :unit showing the Wheel truingid'evicemountedinaposition. I Fig,.-l9 is a cross-sectional view takenonlineI9-.-|9;of Fig.18. fi 20 isa cross-sectional view taken oniline 20...2Bof Fig. 18. e .1 L-

Fig.21 is a top plan viewiof'the machineof the invention showing ahandsaw inposition therein, parts being broken -away;.. .I Fig. .22 is afragmental elevationalviewwith the parts corresponding in position to@tho'se' .of

Fig; 3 and. showing operative .position the means for generatin teeth ona. ripisawr. l

, Fig; '23 is .a schematic View showing inienlarged elevation the, teethof across out saw; the relative position of the cuttergat difierenttimesin the .operationOfthe machine. .51.

Fig. 24 is a similarly schematic vieivshovving teeth of aarip saw andthe relation of th'ejcutter thereto. In the manufactureof hand sawsjorxwoodfilwting it isacustomary to initially-notch the tee hin .theedged the blade on a punchg press si'ngra spacing device corresponding.togthe pitch: re: quired. In all subsequent operations necessary tofinish the teeth, the notchediteeth-oii thetblade are used fcrspacingandthe depth'ofthetooth is determined only by.fiIing'untiLaLpointisiobtained; Lack of .complete uniformity .iin8111:216- spe'c'ts in :the teeth of agiven sawis inevitable in spite .ofthe remarkable skill of the highly specialized mechamcs employed bythesawcma-nufacturers. I w

In the maintenance and'reconditioningxot saws no-positiv'e way isprovided whereby. the teeth angles or the spacing or the height oftheteeth maybe preserved, since all of these aredepen'dent onthe skillof the maintenance mechanic; :::Ma-.

chines and mechanical devices as aids to the reconditioning of saws havebeen known and used but these have been designed principally in anendeavor to mechanically duplicate the motion of hand filing. Thisgeneral class of devices affords no truly corrective steps in sawmaintenance and in some of them there is apparently a tendency toaugment initial irregularities.

Our present invention in practice attains that high degree of uniformityin the saw teeth which is otherwise unattainable. Particularly are thefactors of spacing, height of tooth, depth of tooth and the anglesaccurately generated on the suc.-'- cessive teeth with speed anddispatch. The method and means are arranged. for universal use in themanufacture and maintenance of all tooth sizes and in any desired numberof points I per inch so that any of the hand saws for wood cutting can baccommodated.

We have found that after having attained actual uniformityin tooth size,shape and spacing in the saw, the saw cuts more smoothly, moreaccurately'and faster with less effort applied to the stroke andthatthese advantages are the result of equal distribution of tooth duty madepossible by the aforesaid uniformity of the teeth and the tooth spacing.

By the method of the. invention the saw upon which. teeth are to beinitially generated or merely reconditioned is rigidly clamped againstmovement and the cutting agent is intermittently spacedgindependently ofany existing teeth or tooth notches on'th saw, to attain the desiredtooth spacing. The angles on adjacent faces of adjacent teeth aresimultaneously generated while the cuttin agent is fed to a positivedepth into the edge of the blade while being held in its selectedangular position.

The machine of the invention is arranged to positively and quicklyadjust to selected spacing and tooth angles and the depth of cut isselected byithe adjustment of the edge of the saw toward or away fromthe field of action of the cutting agent. The machine'includes anindependently powered unit for the cutting agent and a separate powerdrive for the mechanism which automatically manipulates the cutting unitrelative to the saw from one end to the other completing a tooth in eachmovement of the cutting agent.

The machine comprises a rigid support frame 30 which is desirably aone-piece casting with integral end pieces 3| between which extendrigidly connected guide rods 32 and 33 which are parallel to the frontlongitudinal member 34 of th frame 39. The member 34 has a pair offorwardly extending brackets 35 with guide grooves 36 cut therein toslidably receive the complementary guide pieces 31 to which the sawtable 38 is attached and whereby said table is maintained with its tophorizontal face and its forward edge parallel with the guide rods 32 and33. A table feed screw 39 is journalled for manual rotation in the frontmember 34 and is threadedly engaged in a depending lug 40 on the table38 midway between the guide pieces 31. A clamp 4| has vertical boresnear its opposite ends to receive the fixed upright screws 42 in thetable 38 and clamping nuts 43 are used to tighten the clamp 4| on aninserted saw blade and positively retain the saw horizontally and withits toothed edge toward the rear of the machine. As will be hereafterfully understood, the sawteeth generated by the machine will have thepoints of the teeth and the bottoms of. the gullets respectively inparallel lines which are also parallel with the guide rods and with thefront faces of the saw table and clamp. Various depths of gullets orheights of saw tooth are provided for in the horizontal movement of saidtable 38 by adjustment of screw39.

A carriage 44, desirably in the form of a hollow casting has the guiderods 32 and 33 passing through bores in its opposite ends and has ahearing 45 midway between its end riding -on the guide rod 33, while theguide rod 32 finds its bearing at the opposite ends of the carriagewhich is thus slidable in parallelism with the saw table 38.

The guide-rod 32 has a spacing rack 46 attached to or integral with itand the carriage has a pinion 41 meshing with said rack and fixed onashaft 48 whichis journalled in the carriage. Shaft 48 also has a pinion49 fixed thereon and meshing with a pinion 50 on shaft 5| which extendsup through the top of the carriage where it receives its tooth spacingpower feed through the means hereinafter described.

We also provide for rapid manual traverse of the carriage over th guiderods by a pinion 52 on shaft 53 which has a hand wheel 54 at the top.

Mounted on top of the carriage 44, and adjustable in a horizontal planeabout shaft 5| as a center, is a swivel base 55 (see Fig. 2). The base55 has at least one arcuate slot 56 passing a clamping bolt 51 that isfixed in the carriage and receives a clamping nut 58 to hold said swivelbase inangularly adjusted position. An arcuate slot 59 providesclearance for the shaft 53. (See Fig. l.)

The swivel base has an upright bearing boss 60 with a horizontal bore 6|through which passes a main shaft 62 in such position that the axi ofshaft 62 is always in acritical horizontal plane which will pass throughthe mid-thickness of a saw-blade clamped on table 38. It will be notedalso the line of the axis of shaft 5| continued upwardly will intersectat right angles with the axis of main shaft 62. Shaft 62 haspredetermined endwise reciprocation imparted thereto and also aselective oscillatory movement by means hereinafter explained. On theforward end of shaft 62 is fixed a cutter unit bracket 63 with amounting surface 64 at right angles to the axis of the shaft. A smallhigh-speed motor 65 has its shaft 63 mounted for rotation without endplay, any suitable construction such as ball bearing (not shown) beingemployed. The axis of the motor shaft 66 is also arranged to intersectat right angles the line of the axis of main shaft 62 and the cuttingagent 61 which may be of any suitable material, is in this embodiment anabrasive wheel with a double beveled edge having a 60 included angle andso mounted that a major diameter which bisects the said 60 angle alsocoincides with the extension of the axis of shaft 62. Thus, when theshaft 62 is oscillated about its axisythe wheel is bodily tilted about ahorizontal diameter of the wheelwhich is a continuation of the axis ofshaft 62. The cutter motor 65 is independently energized through feedlines 68.

The power means providing for the cyclic oper ation of the adjustabletooth spacing carriage movement and the movement of the main shaftcomprises a separately energized motor 59 mounted on swivel base 55 andhavinga speed reducer assembly 10 which serves to slowly rotate a powerdisc 1| which is fixed on the power take-offend of the speed reducer. Anauxiliary shaft with a hand wheel is provided to .crank lever. arm 16.

a bell crank arm 82 by pivot 83. :arm 82 is pivoted within the U-shapedend of a afford manual rotary adjustment of the d isc when the motor 69is ole-energized.

On one face of power disc =H is an annular iace cam l2 which providesthe power movement for,

the carriage spacing mechanism. 'On diamet-' r ically opposite sides ofthe cam 72 are relatively deep wide cam grooves 13 the inclined faces 14of which control the in and out movement of a pin 15 that is fixed inthe free end of a bell The arm 16 is fixed to a vertical stud .11 whichis journalled in a block 18 .on the swivel base 55. Near the bottom ofstud 11?! is fixed the other arm 19 of the bell crank. A coil spring .80surrounds stud -TI and is attached thereto at one end while the other,endlis suitably secured to the block 18. i The ten- .sion of spring 80yieldingly urges pin 15 toward the face cam. Ascan be best seen inFig..8,a link M is connected at one end .to the .endof arm 19 while theother end .oflink .8! ishpivoted to The .bell crank pawl carrier plate84 .on a pivot '85. The bell crank arm 86 has atits vfree end a 90included angle groove with a .90" tooth on either side and thisconstitutes the toothed pawl 81 which .cooperates with the 90 teeth onwheel 88 which is keyed to the shaft above the swivel base 55. The pawlcarrier plate 84 has spring tensioned friction on the fixed plate .89 sothat the carrier plate will pivot about the tapered friction shoulder 96when moved by a force superior to that of the tension spring 9| but willnot vpartake of the rotary movement of shaft 5!. Aspace .ad-

juster lever 92 is pivoted on plate 89 and has .a O

.s'hortdash line showing of the inclines l4. correspond with the dottedline showing of the linkage. As is best seen in Fig. 14 the dotted lineshowing of pin 15 clearly shows said pin out of contact with cam face I4because the spring 8.13 has pulled pawl carrier plate 84 back until thepin 94 is seated in notch 93 in the lever v92. Fragmental View, Fig. 15,shows the broken away parts restored and in full lines. When themovement of the cam 12 again causes pin 15 to engage and ride upon theincline 14 the first movement of link Bl will cause the bell crank pawl828'! to turn on its pivot 85 and engage the toothed pawl 81 on'theradial teeth of toothed wheel 88 and then the link 81 continues itsmovement pushing the pawl carrier plate 84 and positively turning thetoothed wheel until pin15 reaches the top fiat of cam 12. During thatinterval the shaft 5| was rotated a preselected definite amount and thecarriage was moved a definite interval. 'When pin'TS reached the topflat of the cam, the pawl and pawl carrier were in the position shown infull lines in Fig. 12. The parts remain in that position with thecarriage at rest in its advanced position during the interval in whichsaid pin 15 is riding over the said flat outer or top part of the cam.If the cam be brought to rest while the parts are in said position it IS.pos-

sible-to move the carriage by means of the hand,

' wnee1 54 if desired or necessar as in returnin the carriage to astartingposition fora new piece cfwerk. A Y

I he ready selection of a desired feed movement of the :carriage is-eii'e'cte'd by-adjusting the lever 92 about its pivotand holding it bysuitable means'so that when linklll pulls the "pawl carrier plate 84back under the influence of spring 80, the pin 94 engaging in notch 93as a stop will limit the retractive movement of the pawl and its carrierto the desired degreeand in its power-stroke the toothed pawl 89. willinitially engage the toothed wheel 88 a predetermined number ofteethaway from the forward limit of pawl movement.

As previously indicated the teeth on wheel 88 are each laid out witharadius of the wheel bisecting the angle of the tooth and theengaginganddisengaging movement of pawl 89 is also ,on the radius ofsuch teeth so that the pawlwill move always the wheel 88 exactly thesame distanceeach time under a given setting of lever 92.

The means for rapid selection-and adjustment of the lever 92 are bestseen in Figs. 8 and 1'7, wherein an index plate 96 has a series of bores97 locating positions for lever '92 'for producing selectedamountsofcatria'ge spacing in terms-oi points-per'inch of sawdesired.The lever 92 has .a vertically movablepin 98 which may be lowered andraised into and from a selected bore 9'"! to secure the desirednecessary radial adjustment of the .lever. A forwardly disposed bore -99in plate 96 serves to locate lever 92 by means of its pin ;93 in a zeroposition wherein no travel of the pawl carrier is effected becausenotchx93 holds pin 94 at its forwardly limit of movement and pin 15. isheld against entry into the cam grooves .73 as thesame pass by the pinonrotation of cam 12. The adjusting abutment screw Hit serves toaccomplish perfect mating "of the pawl and toothed wheel.

In Fig; 16. there is shown a modification .oi' the spacing wheel'and'pawl structure that is made for infinitely variable spacing"adjustment instead of a wide range-of predetermined spacing as shown inthe device of Fig. 8. tion the pawl 8 59 is wedge shaped incross-section instead of being toothed asin the case of pawl 87. Thewheel 880 has a peripheral groove ml :with inclined side-walls matchingthe bevel of pawl 87H]. The angle of the side-walls'of the groove andpawl provide a wedging taper. "The .aparts 13216 otherwise identical andare indicated with reference characters identical with'the correspondingparts in Figs. 8; '12 and 18] The abutment screw H10 of Fig. 14 isomitted in the modifi'cation-shown in Fig. 16.

.In .order attain fully synchronized tooth .forming operations inconjunction with the selective tooth: spacing carriage moving mechanism:hereinbefore;described;the rotary movement of a 1 power disc H isutilized to drive-a pitman "132 .which maybe pivoted by threaded pin itsin a threaded .hore 1.0 3 near the periphery of disc i in order toattain a cyclic oscillating and reciprocating movement of main shaft 162:ior generating thecharacteristic cross cut teeth one. saw. .The pitman,102 mayalso be pivoted by threaded pin 53 located in a threaded borelocated relatively close tortnecenter of disc H (see Fig. 6,) in orderto attain. reciprocating .motion only in the mainishaft 62 forgenerating the character-istic teethon arip saw, H

'I g m to ;;Fig.-, 2 .it 1 will he noted that "main shaft 02 has a rearend section I05 of reduced diameter (see Fig. 2) on which is splined athimble II]? which has a bearing in opposite sides of a hollow blockI08. The thimble has a flange I09 seating against the outside face ofblock I08 and the thimble is arranged to..oscillat'e;with shaft 62 andthe shaft may reciprocate. within said thimble. A spring H is secured at,one end to the periphery of the thimbleabout which the spring is coiledand the other end is secured to the block. The spring is tensioned so asto counterbalance the weight of bracket 64 and motor 65 thereon at theopposite end of shaft 62 (see Figs. 1, 2, -and 7).

A rocker cam member III has an extended hub II2 which is oscillatable onthe reduced end I06 of shaft 52 and which has an end bearing on theflange I09 of the thimble. On hub H2 is fixed a crank arm I I3 by anysuitable means such as set screws I54. The free end of the crank H3 ispivoted to the end of pitman. I02 by a pin I Cam member III has anannular flange HG cut away at diametrically opposite sides to pro videcam faces III.

Cooperating with the cam member II I is a complementary cam member IIBwhich is fixed to shaft 92 by a pin or set screw at I I9. Member H8 hasan annular flange I which enters slidably beneath the annular flange IIGof cam member III. Concentric with flange I20 and spaced outwardly offlange I20 is an integral flange I .EI which is cut away below shaft 62to leave a little more than half of a complete circumference. Inwardlyextending cam pins I22 are diametrically opposite each other andadjacent opposite ends of flange I2I so that they may cooperate with thecam faces II! on flange H9 of cam member III and sincemember I I6 isfixed to shaft 62 said shaft has its motion imparted to it by saidmember H8. A compression spring I23 is coiled about the shaft 62 andseats against the member H8 at one end while the other end of the springenters and abuts against the end of a counterbore I24 in the sleeve I25which has its bearing in the bearing boss Gil. It will be notedparticularly in Fig.2 that the extreme forward end of sleeve I25 carriesan end collar I25.

Fixed on the forward face of cam member I I5, viz; on the face oppositeflange I2I is an attached or integral lug I21 which has a guide stud I28extending therefrom.

A disc I29 on the sleeve I25 surrounds the spring on shaft 62 and has adiametrically extending slot I30 cut approximately half-way through itsthickness. This slot I30 is of a Width to slidably receive the lug IZIwhen member H8 and shaft 92 are moved forwardly against the resistanceof spring I24 at which time rotary movement of shaft 32 is imparted todisc I29.

stud I28 passes entirely through lug I3I and disc I29 and projectsbeyond the same.

The disc I29 has a projecting pin I32 extending radially therefrom at 90from the lug I3I. The bearing boss 60 has a flange I33 extendingalongside the adjacent face of disc I29 and this flange Y (See.

has. fixed stop pins I34 and I35 which, limit the oscillatory movementof disc I29. At the top of flange is a slot I36 into which the guidestud I28 may reciprocate when pin I32 is held midway .between stop pinsI34 and I35 by inserting a threaded member I380 through a hole I3] inflange I33 and a hole in disc I29. This ad ustment is made forgenerating teeth on a rip saw ;and reference is made to Fig. 22 for ashowing of the parts in operative relation for that work. Oneither sideof slot I36 are bores I39 and I40 respectively centered on an are sothat guide stud I28 may move into and outof the same in the operationcycles employed in generating cross-cut saw teeth. (See Fig. 1.)

The device utilizes a cutting wheel 61 having a double bevel edge with a60 included angle for.

.0ted arms I24 which carry wheel dressing diamonds I thereon so thatsaid dressing diamond points are moved through substantially straightline at 60 to each other or parallel to the desired faces of the wheelET. The actual arcs of this movement of the points of each diamond I45will lie in planes 30 from the plane of a diameter of shaft 62. The apexof the 60 angle on the wheel 67 will always remain in the same planewithrelation to said shaft under repeated truing operations. Said truingdevice also serves as a means to test the adjustment of replacementabrasive wheels when required.

At this juncture it is to be noted as the diameter of a wheel 61 isslightly reduced, due to dress ing the wheel after completin a number ofsaws, the reduction in wheel diameter is compensated by shifting table38 a corresponding distance on its guides 35 by manipulating the screw39. The operator is thus always assured of a proper depth of entry ofwheel Bl into the work.

Reference is now made to Fig. 21 wherein a suitable removable covermember I46 is mounted over the hereinbefore described mechanism. Thiscover member assumes a predetermined position on swivel base 55 leavingexposed and accessible the hand wheel 54 and the tooth spacingadjustment lever 92 and its cooperating selector or index plate 99. Thecover carries a suitable marker I41 and the hand wheel 54 carries a corresponding similar marker I48 for use in attaining a predeterminedlocation of the carriage lengthwise of its guides and its feed rack 46and to which location the carriage can be returned at any time themachine is adjusted with swivel base 55 clamped at the angle shown inFig. 21. A movable or removable guide I49 has a definite location on thefront of table 38 and has a wedge shaped point I50 enabling repeatedinsertion of successive saws with uniform location lengthwise of thetable by matching a selected gullet or notch on the saw with the pointI50 and then moving the member I49 away after clamping the saw inposition. The guide I49 is so positioned relative tothe right-hand endof the machine and the manual carriage travel pinion, its shaft and handwheel 54 are so related with feed rack 46 that when thecarriage is movedto approximately the righthand end of the machine and the hand wheel 54i'srturned until: marker M8 registers; with marker M1; on the casing.the. edeeof wheel 61 will exactly enter the notchtof thesaw which wasmatched with point. I50. This is: used for all cross-cut. saws.

In making or reconditioning a. rip. saw, stud 5-! is released and theswivel base" 55 is turned until said stud 5:1 is located in. the end ISLof slot 56. The guide I49: is again used but the: hand wheel 54" isadjusted with. a. distinctive marker I52 tocompensate. for the arc ofmovement of the, edge of. the wheel when the swiivel base was adjusted.

The operation of the device will be describedfirst. as employed in,generating cross-cut teeth. in a saw blank or for reconditioning a-cross.-cut; saw, following which the operation of the. device: formanufacturin or reconditioning rip saws will be described.

In: preparing to adjustthe machine for generating teeth on a cross-cutsaw the. swivel. base 55. is: adjusted to: the position shown. in. Fig.21 wherein it is at an angle. with relation to the carriage M oi.-approximately" 155. The axis. of

shaft 62,, being atright-anglesto the swivel base,

will. therefore be atthe same angle with-relation tothe front line-ofcarriage 38 and its. clamp; bar 4!. The pi-tman. I02 is connected. to.the outermost borein power disc LI. to attain. aminimum stroke. thereofand amaximum oscillation; of. arm- II a by said. pitmane, The lever,9-2. is. new adjusted over. the. tooth selector plate. .96 and the pin98. of said. lever is. entered into. the. bore 91 corresponding withthe.selected number of tooth. points perinchtobe generated. on thesaw. With.clamp nuts 43v released and clamp bar 4-I. raised, saw L53, is. insertedbeneath it. with the actual.

or proposed point line of; the. saw teeth parallel withthe. face of. thebar 41. Thesaw isnow adjusted. lengthwise in. order tolocate thewedgepoint. I50 of the removable guide I49: in. a selected toothor notchnear the, handle end of. the

saw, whereupon the clamping; nuts 43 are. drawn tightly and theremovable guide I49 is. taken away from its. position shown in Fig-21 soas to clear the. wheel 61 When hand-Wheel 5,4 isnow rotated to shiftthecarriage to or approximately to the righthand. end of they machine andthe markers I41 and I49 on. the cover and hand wheel. 54-, respectively,are brought intorregistry, the edge of wheel 6'! can be. madetoaccurately enter the-tooth. notch which: was adjusted to the removableguide I49.- After nowmaking certain that removable threaded member L36(-see Fig. 22) has. been fully withdrawn from disc I29, motors 6.5 and.6 9 may beenergized. Should it be desired. totest the accuracy ofthe.adjustment, the cutterunit-motor 65. may remain deenergized. or it maybe allowed to, operate: at

the. endmost tooth of the saw to test the adjustmentfor the depth of.the tooth, viz., the gullet,

which. will, be formed. by. thecutting agent 67;. Any adjustment of. thedepth of the-tooth: to-be generated is: effected by bodily shifting thetable 38 by rotating screw 39;. Having made all ad.- justments; andhaving; positioned the; carriage so that wheel 6.1. will engage thefirst. tooth notch" in saw. I53, action is initiated whereupon wheel 61is continuouslyrotated by motor 65,. while motor 69continuously.rotates; disc 'II'. Thepitman strokeimpartsa. rocking. movementto crankarm I-I 3- which in turn oscillates. cam member,

The spring. I23. urges. memben II8r up against'member H I. so that. thepins. .IZZTre'main ,ting away its profile into, thep is shown in sectionseated within, the grooves between cam faces I" so that member Hitrotates with member III so.

long as spring I23 exerts a; superior force. During this rotation, thepin L23, which is moving with member .I I8, carries disc I3I with it,and the shaft 52, whichis fixed: with member H8, is also: rotated withit (see Fig. 2). When, how ever, pin I32 in the disc I29 engages thestop.- pin. I35,.the continued rotational movement of. cam member I'iIunseats pin I22 by causing it to ride over thecain face. III; to the topfiat. portion of flange H6. in doing. this, .the force of cam member H!has been effective to-longitudi:--

nallyshift member '8, shaft 6-2. and all of the axial retraction. ofshaft 62 and its associated. In the. action. thus; far described whichifparts. incidentally, has includedbut. one-halflcycle. of cam ;memberIII-, the cutter wheel 61- was-first. rocked to adefinite angularposition'as, definedby the engagement. of pin I132 against stop pin I35,was then projected into. the. work while being retained against. rockingmovement and cutduring the. interval inwhich it work. On continued:rotation of disc .11, the.

crank arm I13. moved in. the. opposite; direction.

and imparts a corresponding movement to the cam member I.I.I. The pinsI122 again remainv seated between cam faces. II'I. whilepin I32 isrocked from, approximately horizontal position upwardly and engagesstop. pin 134;. During this rotative movement ofshaft 62;. wheel: 61.was. again; bodily rocked-about an. axis. which. isr a continuation .ofan. axis of shaft GZuntiLa plane of a diameter of the wheellreaches,acorresponding angle onthe other side of.ve rtical: Reference is madetoFigil23, wherein the: wheel' fili in the two. angularly tiltedpositions. The spacingmechanism which is.-syn.-- chronizeol to bodilyadvance the carriage,and hence the shaft 62, a predetermineddistanceduring the interval in which the shaft 62 isoscil-- lating in a given.direction while: in; a retracted: position. Hence an imaginary line.I54- which. contains the axisiof shaftfiz anda constant. horizontaldiameter of-wheel 6.1willoneachforward a,

reciprocation engage midway the thickness-ofthe blade I53 and. atsuccessive. points along it power. stroke of {shaft 62 v.Referenceismade to F gs. 6, l2 and 14 from which it. shouldbeappar;

. ent thatthe pin'i5. controlling thespacefeed-Iand. the movement oftoothed. wheel is heldiatits.

extreme outer position/riding. onlthe. top. flat porticnof filange 'izthusholding. the. toothed wheel; and with it the carriage 44,- during;that.

interval in. which cammember III I. iseiiecting edge of the saw, wasfedinto the The point of. a givem sawtooth stroke of; the shaf-t,=

I characteristic faceangleso'm the cross-cut saw teeth are generatedbytheral; ternate tilting of the. wheel. intermediate each thereciprocating movement of shaft 62. In the ensuing interval during whichpin 75 is being moved over cam faces I4 for releasing toothed pawl 83,and retracting link 8|, cam member III is imparting its rotary movementto shaft 52 and is thus effecting the angular adjustment or tilting ofthe wheel 61'. It should be further apparent that due to the action ofpin I32 between stop pins I34 and I35 and to the movement of pin I28into the bores I39 and I58, re-

- spectively, there is an integrated locking of the mechanism againstoscillatory movement of shaft 62 during the infeed reciprocatorymovement of shaft'62. The carriage which controls the stepwisepositioning of shaft 62 which is likewise positively arrested while saidreciprocating feed stroke takes place. The other feed movement under theaction of link BI and toothed pawl 89 takes place during the tiltingmovement and the retracting movement of wheel 61.

It is to be obvious, however, that adjustments of the tooth-spacingselector lever 92 may be made at any time whether the machine is inoperation or not since, as hereinbefore fully explained, the shifting oflever 92 merely determines the extent to which pin 94 will permit thepawl-carrier 84 to retract under the influence of spring 80. Suchadjustment is, in final analysis, a mere selection of the distance froma given forward position to which the toothed pawl 89 30 may beretracted relative to toothed wheel 88. g 1 In generating the teeth on arip saw, the pitman Ill2 has'its pin I03 inserted in the bore I05 ofdisc II, thus assuring a shorter stroke of the pitman and a shorterrocking movement of crank arm H3 and the cam member III affixed thereto.The swivel base 55 is released from its clamp nut 51 and swung about ata somewhat greater. angle which, as can be readily appreciated from aninspection of Fig. 24, will accommodate beveled faces of wheel 61 to thedesired angle between the teeth of a rip saw. The clamp nut 51 istightened to hold the swivel base in this adjusted position, after whichthe mechanism is adjusted by means of hand-wheel 130 until pin I32extends in a horizontal position permitting the threaded lock pin I360to be entered through flange I33 and into disc I29. (See Fig. 22.) Atthis same time pin I28 is aligned with slot I36 (see Fig. 9) by lockingdisc I29 against rocking movement, It will now be appreciated that therotary movement of power disc I I and the rocking movement of cam III bycrank II3 through the shorter crank throw will result in restricting themovement of shaft 62 to reciprocatory movement only, and it will befurther appreciated that the major diameter of the wheel 61 will beretained in a vertical plane. The initial adjustment of a rip saw on thework table will include the selection of one of the rearmost teeth foralignment of the wedgepoint I50 on member I49 and the adjustmentofmarker I41 with marker I52 on hand-wheel 54 when the carriage is atapproximately its extreme right hand position. When the motors areenergized and the desired tooth spacing is selected by the adjustment oflever 92, the mechanism will be constrained to intermittentlyreciprocate shaft 62 to feedin and withdraw the wheel 61 with relationto the adjusted edge of the saw while the carriage feed mechanismactuates the carriage and effects stepwise. longitudinal movement of thewheel during the intervals in which the wheel is in its retractedposition relative to the work.

With the mechanism of the 0 successive feed strokes of the shaft 62always feedthe wheel 61 so that its opposed beveled faces each generatea front angle and a rear angle, respectively, of adjacent teeth andimpart the corresponding profile to the teeth. If a blade blank beinserted in lieu of a saw, the wheel may be obviously used to generatethe complete tooth. If a saw requiring reconditioning is at hand, thelever 92 is adjusted to set up a tooth feed corresponding to theexisting number of points per inch on the saw after which. upon properadjustment of the saw on the work table, wheel 6] will progressivelygenerate the desired faces on the teeth with machine precision so thatno further operations are required and the saw is ready for use.

What is claimed is:

1.In a universal saw tooth generating machine for saws the combinationof a supporting frame, a saw holding table on said frame adapted forlimited adjustment laterally of the frame, a carriage movablelongitudinally of the frame and parallel with the table, a swivel baseon the carriage adjustable in a horizontal plane on said carriage abouta vertical center on said carriage, a shaft mounted horizontally on theswivel base with its axis disposed in a horizontal plane which bisectsthe edge thickness of a saw on the saw table, a cutter unit mounted onthe end of the shaft adjacent the table and comprising a rotary doublebevel edgecutting agent having its horizontal diameter aligned with theaxis of said shaft, a power driven rocker cam mechanism, a complementarycam member fixed on the shaft, means yield'ably urging said cam intorotatable driven relation with the rocker cam mechanism for impartingoscillatory movement to said shaft, stop means arresting oscillatorymovement of the shaft in advance ofeach rocking movement of.

said rocker cam mechanism whereby the cutting agent is tilted topredetermined angles about a diameter which is aligned with the axis ofsaid shaft, continued rocking movement of the rocker cam mechanismserving to move the complementary cam member away and out of rotatabledriven relation and to effect axial power movement of said shaft towardthe table, and means operating synchronously with said power driven camfor effecting selected tooth spacing movement of said carriage aftereach axial power movement of said shaft.

2. In a universal saw tooth generating machine for saws the combinationof a supporting frame, a saw holding table on said frame adapted forlimited adjustment laterally of the frame, a

carriage movable longitudinally of the frame and parallel with thetable, a swivel base on the carriage adjustable in a horizontal plane onsaid carriage about a vertical center on said carriage, a shaft mountedhorizontally on the swivel base with its axis disposed in a horizontalplane which bisects the edge thickness of a saw on the saw table,a'cutter unit mounted on the end of the shaft adjacent the table andcomprising a rotary double bevel edge cutting agent having itshorizontal diameter aligned with the axis of said shaft, a power drivenrocker cam mechanism, a complementary cam'member fixed on the shaft,means yieldably urging said cam into rotatable drivenrelation 'with therockercam mechanism for imparting oscillator movement to said shaft,stop means arresting oscillatory movement of the shaft in advance ofeach rocking movement the invention, the of said rocker cam mechanismwhereby the cuting agent is tilted to predetermined" angles: about adiameter which is aligned. Withthe axis:

of said shaft, continued rocking movementlof the rocker'camtmechanismserving to move the com.- plementary cam: member away and out of rotatable driven relation and to effect axial power movement of said shafttoward the table, insert able means to hold said shaft againstoscillatory movement whereby the cutting agent is con stantlyheldlagainst tilting movement, and m'eans operating. synchronously with saidpower driven cam; for: effecting selected tooth spacing movement of-saidcarriage after each axial power movement of the shaft. 7

3.. In a universal toothgenerating machine "for saws. the combination ofmeans fixedly holding a. saw blade, a carriage movable'parallel'thereto,

a main shaft supported on said carriage'with its axis constantlydisposed ina plane bisecting the edge thickness of a saw: blade on saidholding" means,. an independently power driven cutter unit-supportedfixedly on theend of theshaft andcompr-isinga rotarycutting agent'havinga major diameter aligned with the axis of'said' shaft, a motor drivenpower disc in axial-pa r imparting oscillatory movement of the rockercam to said shaft so long as the shaft is free to turn, means limitingoscillatory movement of the shaft in opposite directions whereby thecutting agent is tilted to predetermined angles with respect to the sawholding means, whereupon, on continued movement, the rocker campositively moves the complementary cam against the resistance of theyieldably urging means and imparts axial movement to the shaft in thedirection of the saw holding means, and means positively holding theshaft against oscillatory movement during continued movement of saidrocker cam.

4. Saw tooth generating mechanism comprising a movable carriage, powermeans effecting stepwise spacing movement thereof, lever controlledmeans for selectively varying said spacing movement means to hold a sawparallel to the path of movement of the carriage, a shaft supported onthe carriage and arranged for oscillatory and reciprocatory movement, acutter unit supported on the end of the shaft and comprising a doublebeveled rotary cutting agent having a major diameter aligned with theaxis of said shaft, and means operating synchronously with said carriagespacing means for moving said shaft axially toward the saw holding meansand retracting said shaft from. said holding means while said carriageis at rest, and for oscillating said shaft to a predetermined degree inopposite directions respectively intermediate said reciprocatorymovements of said shaft and during successive spacing movements of thecarriage.

5. Universal saw tooth generating mechanism comprising a main shaft,power driven means to impart uniform positive axial reciprocatorymovement thereto, a cutter unit mounted on the end of the shaft andcomprising a double bevel edged rotary cutting agent having a majordiameter thereof at all times aligned with the axis of said: shaft;vmeans to fixedlFy holdi'a; saw the; pathiofi said cutting agenttiiniposition such. that the extended l inefof' the axis of the-shaft' willbisect the edge :thicknessof the saw, power driven meansintermittentlyoperable synchronously with the -shaft? reciprocatingmeans to automatically impart a uniform stepwiselbo'dilymovement tothe-shaft, and lever con-trolled: means to selectively var-y theunitormstepwise bodily. movement of the ishaft l i Y 6; In a sawtoothgen'erati'ng machinethe combination: of a supportingframe, a carriageguidedly supported for longitudinal rectilinear movement thereon, a sawholding table disposed on saidframeparallelism with theline ofmovementot said carriage, a base supported-' on the carriage; a shaftmounted on the basefwitlr it's axis-disposed in: ai plane' parallelwith;the top ofiisaid table, a" cutter unit fixedly! mounted on the end oftheshaft and comprising a rotary double bevel edged cutting agent havingadiamtating-power-I disc; steam-on one-"face thereof, a pitm'an pivotedto the other-face of said power disafar crank arm freelyrotatable onsaid shaft and-pivotally connected at its free end to said pitman}a-rocker cam secured to' said crank arm concentrically with said shaft,a complementary member fixed to the shaft and having a pin adapted forcooperation with said rocker cam,

means yieldingly urging the shaft and said complementary member towardsaid rocker cam whereby the shaft receives oscillatory movement from therocker cam, means to arrest oscillatory movement of the shaft under theinfluence of the rocker cam in advance of the completion of rockingmovement of the cam, whereby the continued rocking movement of the camimparts axial movement to the shaft against the resistance of saidyielding means, and means comprising a pawl and coacting pawl wheel andactuated by the cam on said power disc for effecting stepwise selectedspacing movements of the carriage intermediate the axial movements ofthe shaft against the resistance of said yielding means.

7. In a saw tooth generating mechanism the combination of a, carriage, aswivel base thereon adjustable in a horizontal plane about a fixedvertical center on the carriage, a shaft supported on said swivel baseand having its axis at all times in a horizontal plane above thecarriageand intersecting the vertical axis of adjustment of the swivel base onthe carriage, yieldably engaged power driven means to impart selectedrocking movement to said shaft in opposite directions, means cooperatingtherewith for arresting said rocking movement and causing said yieldablyengaged power driven means to impart limited axial movement of theshaft, complementary means positively precluding rocking movement of theshaft during axial movement thereof, and tooth spacing means forshifting the carriage predetermined selected distances during therocking movement.

8. Saw tooth generating mechanism comprising a movable carriage, meanseffecting selected spacing movement thereof, means to hold a sawparallel to the path of movement of the carriage, a shaft supported onthe carriage and arranged for oscillatory and reciprocatory movement, acutter unit fixed on the end of the shaft and comprising a doublebeveled rotary cutting agent ing said shaft axially toward'the sawholding means and retracting said shaft from said holding means whilesaid carriage is at rest, and for oscillating said shaft to apredetermined degree in opposite directions respectively intermediatesaid reciprocatory movements of said shaft and during successive spacingmovements of the carriage, and means supporting said shaft on saidcarriage adjustable about an axis which is perpendicular to the carriageand which intersects the axis of said shaft whereby the angle of entryof the rotary cutter into the saw is varied to produce desired frontangles on the teeth generated on the saw. i t

9. In a universal saw toothgenerating machine the combination of a sawholding table, a shaft support disposed transversely of and travelablein a. path parallel with the front edge of said table, said supporthaving an. axis about which it is selectively adjustable said axisdisposed at all times in the plane of the path of travel, a shaftreciprocable and oscillatable in the support and having its axis at alltimes in a plane parallel to the top face of the table, synchronizedpower means to simultaneously impart stepwise travel to said shaftsupport and oscillatory movement to the shaft and to impart axialmovement to the shaft intermediate the stepwise movements of saidsupport, and a continuously operating cutting unit on the shaftcomprising a rotating double beveled cutting agent having a majordiameter at all times in non-angular relation to theplane of the axis ofthe support and the axis of the shaft.

10. A universal saw tooth generating machine comprising a saw holdingtable, a shaft support disposed in spaced relation to the front edge fthe table, a power means, means driven by said power means to move thesupport intermittently and uniformly in stepwise relation in a pathparallel to the front of the table, a shaft mounted for oscillation andreciprocation in said support and having its axis at all times in aplane parallel to the table top, means driven by said power means forsuccessively imparting alternate oscillatory and reciprocatory movementto the shaft, means to angularlyadjust said support to vary the angle ofthe axis of the shaft with relation to the front edge of the table, anda rotary cutting unit on the shaft for operating on a saw on said tableduring the reciprocatory movement of the shaft.

ELMER W. CHRISTY. WILLIAM S. DICKSON.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2,529,879. September 21, 19Lp5.

ELMER W. CHRISTY, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patentrequiring correction'as follows: In the grant, line 5, and in theheading to the printed specification, line 5, residence of inventor, for"Hamilton, Ohio" read --Cincinnati, Ohio--; and that the said LettersPatent should be read with this correction therein that the same mayconform to the record of the case in the Pater-1t Office.

Signed and sealed this 25rd de of November, A. D. 1915.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

